Blog

Model wearing a festive Ma'an dress from WIdad Kawar collection, with striped atlas material. She is also wearing the characteristic Ma'an headdress (arge). Photograph by Fatima Abbadi - Mignon Group.During the last few months, the TRC published two blogs about some spectacular forms of traditional dress from Jordan. These blogs were written by Fatima Abbadi, from Capelle aan den IJssel, near Rotterdam in the Netherlands.

Here we publish another blog by her hand, about traditional dress from the town of Ma' an, south of Amman. The TRC is fortunate to have a traditional coat from Ma' an (TRC 2005.0076).

Ma’an is a city some 220 km south of Amman, the capital of Jordan, along the road to the Gulf of Aqaba. During the Ottoman period it flourished as an important market and halting place for merchants and pilgrims heading to the holy cities during the period of the Hajj. Its strategic location was emphasised by the construction of the Hijaz railway, between Constantinople and Mecca.

For centuries, pilgrim caravans passed through Ma' an. They came from different countries and regions, such as Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, Syria, Palestine. Along with them came large numbers of traders and artisans, such as coppersmiths, silver smiths and weapon smiths.

Small fragment from the TRC collection, of a warp-faced compound weave, Niya (?), Xinjiang, China, 3rd century BC - 3rd century AD (TRC 2000.0009).The Cotsen Textile Traces Study Collection (at the George Washington University Museum-The Textile Museum, Washington, DC) was a prominent partner of the TRC in the recent online conference 'Textiles on the Move' (6-9 October), and it had its inaugural event recently, an online roundtable.

The Collection is composed of some 4,000 textile fragments, which range time-wise from a Chinese silk warp-faced compound weave (475-221 BCE; see also fragments in the TRC Collection) to modern American textile art, and from 1920s Wiener Werkstätte sample books to ancient Peruvian scaffold weaves. Housed in 761 hand-made boxes and divided into 15 geographical regions, it’s an impressive collection.

Among the thousands of books and publications in the TRC library (see our on-line catalogue here) is a copy of the classic The Subversive Stitch: Embroidery and the Making of the Feminine by Rozsika Parker.

This 1984 study helped redefine how many people looked at needlework. The book traced how embroidery changed from a respected, well-paid male endeavour into an often mocked or ignored female ‘hobby’. It also explored how women subverted embroidery to tell their own powerful stories on their own terms.

I immediately thought of this book when I saw some of the embroidery of Rufina Bazlova. Bazlova is a Belarussian artist who studied illustration in the Czech Republic. She continues to live in Prague, where she watches the protests in Belarus against the alleged election fraud of President Lukashenko. In an interview with The Moscow Times, Bazlova, who had previously embroidered a comics series, said she was moved to tell the story of the protests through the traditional skill of embroidery: "This year's national awakening simply demanded this technique of national embroidery. The events of the past months represent a portion of our great history, Belarus changed, woke up, big changes are coming that must be written into the code of embroidery."

T-shirt with a print of an embroidery by Rufina Bazlova, referring to the civil unrest in Belorussia, 2020 (TRC 2020.4207).

Woman in Al Salt wearing a khalaga dress. Photograph by Fatima Abbadi.On 26 September of this year the TRC in Leiden published a blog about traditional dresses in Jordan. Continuing with the series, we want to present a particular dress from the Al Balqa region, more precisely from the town of Al Salt. The TRC in Leiden is fortunate in housing one of these exceptional (and very large) dresses (TRC 2005.0248). We also have a replica, which the TRC uses for demonstration purposes.

Al Salt lies 28 km from Amman. The town has a rich and unique artistic-architectural style, bringing together European and Arabic elements. Situated on the highlands of western Jordan and close to the Jordan valley, its land is characterized by its Mediterranean vegetation of olive trees, figs, vineyards and other fruit trees, which are being harvested and exported throughout the area.

Postcard from Belgium, franked on 13th August 1914, depicting a boy and girl in Volendam (NL) style cloth. The girl is sitting next to a spindle wheel with distaff. The image was painted by Florence Hardy (TRC 2020.4250).A little while ago we were contacted by Padma Rubiales, California, about a collection she had made of early postcards that depict spinning wheels. She had offered the cards to various museums in the USA, but sadly no one wanted them. Were we at the TRC in Leiden interested in having them as a donation?

We were intrigued and said yes, partly because we want to increase the TRC's collection of old prints, postcards and photographs (these are really useful in illustrating publications and exhibitions), and partly because many of us like spinning!

The postcards arrived a few days ago and I am so pleased we said yes. Not simply because they show many different types of spindle and spinning wheels. They also illustrate a range of dressed distaffs, as well as women using drop spindles. There are also some related techniques, such as a woman with a piece of embroidery.

The postcards depict women from a variety of different countries, including Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, USA, Wales, The Netherlands, as well as Algeria and Japan. Most of the postcards date from the late 19th century until the 1930's. A number of the cards are franked and so we have the date when they were posted.

Vietnamese woman wearing a garment made of lacquer silk. Photograph Augusta de Gunzbourg.Textiles have stories to tell. They bring people together when they talk about the way the textiles are made and when they discuss the history behind them. Nothing is more true than that in my own family.

Growing up in Vietnam, I recall my mother (Rose Morant) working with local artisans and craftsmen, bringing me along with her to remote areas to discover local knowledge and treasures of craftsmanship of textile manufacturing and special materials, such as lacquer.

I remember the strong smell of dye baths, the sounds of silk-weaving frames and the dye-darkened arms of the people working the fabric. One such material she worked on was a textile she named the “Lacquer Silk”. A bag recently added to the TRC collection in Leiden  (TRC 2020.4236) is made out of this beautiful material. This material is also sometimes referred to as “Leather Silk” in English and as Vai den or Vai Lanh My A in Vietnamese.

The way my mother came to work with it begins like a fairy tale: “ One day in the 1990’s, I was in Ben Thanh Market in Ho Chi Minh City and saw this woman walking away wearing a pair of trousers that shined like a black mirror in the sunlight. I simply had to know what they were made of. I ran after her to ask about it and that is when I started on the road to find out about the Lacquer Silk”.

Pair of socks with the text, "Vote by mail", USA, 2020 (TRC 2020.4198a-b).Over 400 women’s marches took place in all fifty US states yesterday (17 October 2020). The marches drew hundreds of thousands of women together, both in person and virtually, to encourage other women to vote in the upcoming US presidential election, and to honour the legacy of deceased Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Many marchers wore ‘dissent collars’ (see TRC blog 10 December 2018) and pink pussy hats.

The Textile Research Centre (TRC) in Leiden has two pussy hats (TRC 2017.0186 and TRC 2017.0187) in its collection. Pussy hats are hand-made, square-shaped caps made from wool or acrylic yarn, usually coloured pink. They can be knitted, crocheted or sewn.

After Donald Trump won the US presidential election in November 2016, American knitters campaigned to make more than one million of these hats, to be given as gifts for marchers to wear at the first 2017 Women’s March in Washington, DC. The hats became so popular that American craft shops reported running out of pink yarn. Pussy hats could be seen at Women’s Marches in Amsterdam, Rio de Janeiro and Tel Aviv.

A rangzen, a Tibetan freedom bracelet (TRC Leiden).A recent donation to the TRC reminded me of the feestrokken now on display in the TRC’s exhibit Textile Tales from the Second World War. Feestrokken were patchwork skirts made by Dutch women in the second half of the 1940s to celebrate the end of German occupation and war. The donated object is a hand woven, cotton Tibetan bracelet called a Rangzen (TRC 2020.4161).

Both objects, the Feestrok and the Rangzen, are made from scraps and both originate from akong people who were being imprisoned for their beliefs. The Feestrok idea began in 1943, when a member of the Dutch Resistance was imprisoned. Mies Boissevain-Van Lennep (1896-1965) was sent a scarf made from scraps of clothing from family and friends. This patchwork scarf was the inspiration for the idea of the patchwork Feestrok.