Gretchen embroidery is a decorative needlework technique that combines couching and embroidery, and popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the USA.

Siwa Creations is an Egyptian company, founded by Laila Neamatallah, working with hand embroiderers in the Siwa oasis, Egypt. Siwa Creations was set up in 2001 with the aim of helping Siwan women and girls develop and sell their embroideries.

A darning stitch is a decorative technique whereby a running stitch is worked in parallel lines in order to create a pattern with both negative and positive elements. The result is called darned embroidery, or pattern darning. It is normally a form of counted thread embroidery, worked on an even-weave ground.

Embroidery floss is the American term for stranded embroidery cotton threads. GVE

Stranded embroidery cotton threads are a form of mercerised yarn that became available from the late 1920's onwards. They are now widely used for various types of embroidery. Stranded cotton threads are very shiny and come in six strands that can easily be divided (Z-plied, s-spun). They were initially made by DMC, but were later copied by many other companies.

Perlé cotton is a form of mercerised cotton thread that became available from the 1920's onwards. Perlé is a non-divisible thread, usually Z-plied and s-spun. It is regarded as a strong thread with a lustre. Perlé (also known as pearl or French perlé) was initially made by DMC, but was later copied by other companies.

Various forms of mercerised cotton embroidery thread were developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which are still widely used. The most popular forms are perlé and stranded cotton yarns.

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