The stab stitch is often used in couching or laid work. The thread goes up, over the thread to be held in place, and then down through the same hole. The thread then passes along the reverse side of the ground material to the position of the next stitch.
A laid thread is the thread that is placed onto the ground material and fastened down with the couching threads and stitches, producing a form of couching.
Laid work is a form of embroidery that is very closely related to couching. Laid work normally has three or more layers of thread (while couching normally has two layers of thread).
Outline work is a form of embroidery, in which only the outline of the design or pattern is stitched. The rest of the design is left ‘bare’, showing the ground material, or sometimes an applied piece of cloth. The stitches that are often used to work this style of embroidery include back stitch, chain stitch, outline stitch and stem stitch.
The overcast stitch is a basic technique that can be worked in several ways. The simplest form is where an outline is drawn on the ground material and then small, simple stitches (the overcast stitches) are worked over and under the line, picking up the smallest amount of ground material as possible and making sure that the stitches lie vertically next to each other in order to create a slightly raised line.
A whipped running stitch is used with a line of running stitches that are whipped with the same or a contrasting thread. The needle creating the whipped running stitch does not enter the ground material at all.
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A whipped stem stitch normally consists of a line of stem stitches that have been whipped with the same or a contrasting thread. The needle creating the whipped stem stitch does not enter the ground material at all.
The Quaker stitch was invented by Anne Wynn-Wilson while designing and embroidering the Quaker tapestry. She describes it as a form of corded stitch.
Elisa Hirsch Maia (often known as Madam Maia) was a Brazilian embroiderer and entrepreneur, who is credited with developing Brazilian dimensional embroidery. Maia was a skilled needle woman who embroidered all her family’s linen and clothing. She began experimenting with flosses and dyes in the 1960's in order to develop a smoother thread and new colours.
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Jewish women of Tetouan, Morocco, were famous for the production of gold embroidery. Normally this embroidery took the form of stars or circles worked with gold thread, which were applied to a cloth ground material. These decorated textiles were often used for curtains and hangings in silk and velvet. Tetouan Jewish women sometimes wore velvet dresses decorated in the same manner.