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Short shades are a nineteenth century term for a type of Berlin wool thread, in which the same colour changes from light to dark over a distance of less than a metre.

Long shades is a nineteenth century term for a type of Berlin wool thread, in which the colour gradually changes from light to dark over a long length of the thread.

See lamé.

Lamé or lamella is a very thin sheet, normally of metal, which can be cut into shapes or strips with scissors or shears or another instrument. The metal is often gilded to give it a gold colour. Lamé is used for a variety of embroidery forms, including Indian badla and Egyptian tulle-bi-telle (also known as Assuit work). The word derives from Latin lamina, a thin plate (compare 'omelet').

See padding string.

A padding string (sometimes known as a padding cord) is used as a padding for various types of decorative needlework.

Sometimes a padding (or padded) stitch is required in order to give a little modelling and 3-dimensional effect. The effect can be created by working a stitch, such as a chain stitch, running stitch or satin stitch, in the desired part of the design and then covering these 'padding' stitches with a second stitch, such as a satin stitch or stem stitch.

Padding consists of some type of material that is used as the interlining for quilting or the filling of flat cushions, etc. It is often, but not necessarily always, soft and added for warmth.

See Roumanian couching.

See long and short stitch.