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Batik is an Indonesian term widely used to denote a method of cloth decoration that uses a resist dyed technique. Batik designs are created by applying molten wax, or sometimes a rice paste, onto the ground cloth and then dyeing it in a cold dye bath. The areas of cloth covered by the wax remain undyed.

Band samplers form the oldest examples of European samplers and date from around the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This form of sampler consists of a narrow (c. 15-23 cm) band of cloth, usually of linen, on which examples of needlework stitches and patterns were worked.

Ainu decorative needlework is associated with the indigenous people of northern Japan and parts of northeastern Russia (Sakhalin and Kuril Islands). By the twenty-first century the Japanese Ainu were mainly concentrated in the Hokkaido region. 

Attush is a form of bark cloth made from the inner fibre of the elm tree bark (Ulmus genus). Attush was traditionally made by the indigenous Ainu people of northern Japan. Young trees were cut down and stripped of their inner bark. The bark was soaked in water, then bleached and dried in the sun.

Twist (French: torsade) is a form of metal thread made up of two or more strands twisted together, and used as applied decoration. The twist is normally couched down with a thread of the same colour. The stitches are sewn at the same angle as that of the twist itself, so that the stitches are invisible.

Lizerine is a form of metal thread made from tightly coiled wires, which looks like a strand of gold pearls. Lizerine, also called lizardine, has a flatter, more solid coil in comparison to pearl purl and jaceron purl, which are rounder. Lizerine and jaceron purl are sometimes classed as pearl purl.

Jaceron purl is a metal thread made from tightly coiled wires. It looks like a strand of gold pearls. It is very similar to pearl purl, but stretchier. In fact, it is sometimes classed as pearl purl.

Pearl purl is a metal thread made from tightly coiled wires, which looks like a strand of gold pearls. It is normal to stretch the purl slightly in order to make it easier to couch it down onto the ground material. This type of metal thread is often used to outline designs or, in combination with other couched threads, as a filling thread for designs, such as leaves. 

Purl is a metal thread made from a very fine wire wound around a single core, which is either tubular or triangular in shape. It is very similar to bullion thread, but tends to be firmer. 

Bullion is a metal thread made from very fine wires wound into a tubular shape. It is very similar to purl metal thread. The main forms of bullion are: a) Bright check bullion, which has a faceted (zig-zag) and very shiny surface; b) Wire bullion, which has a smooth surface and is matt in appearance; c) Bright bullion, which is a form of bullion that has a smooth surface and is shiny in appearance.